Environmental Dimension

Energy Efficiency Management Approach and Performance ^(302-1)

Thoresen Thai Agencies: TTA

Efficient energy management is critical to business operations, as energy represents a significant cost factor in driving industries and production processes. Furthermore, energy consumption contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, a pressing global concern.

Qualitative Target : Encouraging electricity conservation in both employees and executives through training sessions and internal awareness campaigns

Quantitative Target : Reducing electricity consumption by 2 percent compared to the previous year

Energy Conservation Initiatives

In 2025, TTA developed and implemented energy conservation initiatives to continuously promote electricity reduction. Key actions included encouraging employees to unplug devices or switch off equipment when not in use, implementing preventive maintenance plans for air conditioning systems and electrical appliances to ensure optimal efficiency, replacing with LED Panel light, and optimizing workspace allocation to maximize energy efficiency while maintaining a suitable and compliant working environment.

As a result of the above initiatives, in 2025 TTA achieved alignment with its qualitative target by continuously promoting awareness and fostering energy-efficient behaviors across the organization. However, total electricity consumption amounted to 842,900 kilowatt-hours, representing an increase of 2.91 percent compared to 2024. Consequently, the Company did not meet its targeted 2 percent reduction in electricity consumption for the year. The increase in electricity usage was primarily attributable to the expansion of office space, an increase in employees, and the organization of internal training activities across the Group. These factors resulted in extended building operating hours and higher utilization of electrical equipment to support organizational restructuring and business investment expansion during the period.

Although overall energy consumption increased, the Company continued to implement energy conservation measures and utilized energy consumption data as a basis for analysis and future efficiency improvement planning. The Company remains focused on reducing energy intensity per unit of activity and per unit of revenue, in order to support sustainable business operations and minimize long-term environmental impacts.

Water Management Policy

The Company has set a water management policy as an integral part of its broader Environmental Policy, emphasizing the sustainable use of natural resources. The ISO 14001:2015 environmental management system is implemented to enhance operational efficiency and service delivery while ensuring compliance with customer requirements, legal frameworks, and relevant regulations. The policy is effectively communicated within the organization to ensure adherence and is disclosed to stakeholders as appropriate.

Water Management Approach and Performance ⁽³⁰³⁾

Thoresen Thai Agencies: TTA

Qualitative Target : Encouraging water conservation in both employees and executives through training sessions and internal awareness campaigns

Quantitative Target : Reducing water consumption by 2 percent compared to the previous year

TTA has designated the Administrative Department as the team responsible for general water management, including recording water usage and identifying irregular consumption patterns for prompt corrective action. The building management team oversees wastewater treatment and discharge, with external agencies conducting regular inspections to ensure water quality improvements. All water used by TTA is supplied by external agencies, specifically the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority. TTA headquarters, located in Orakarn Building on Chidlom Road, is not in a water-stressed area and is under the jurisdiction of the building's management. Consequently, implementing water reduction initiatives such as water recycling, reuse, or pre-discharge treatment by the company first is restricted. However, TTA recognizes the importance of water recycling and pre-discharge treatment and is committed to promoting such projects in the future. All used water is sent to the building’s treatment system, combined with wastewater from other companies, where it is treated to meet the required standards before being discharged into public water sources. No untreated wastewater is released into public water sources.

Preventive Maintenance and Leakage Inspection Program

TTA has implemented a scheduled preventive maintenance program to assess the overall condition and operational efficiency of water-related equipment within its offices. This initiative aims to prevent water leakage, minimize unnecessary water wastage, and ensure uninterrupted efficient operations among employees. Any malfunctioning or inefficient equipment is promptly repaired or replaced. The officer of Administrative Department are responsible for overseeing this initiative.

Water Conservation Awareness Campaign

TTA has launched a water conservation awareness campaign through posters to promote responsible water usage among employees. Various communication channels are utilized to reinforce key water-saving practices. Additionally, annual refresher training sessions incorporate water conservation topics, followed by knowledge assessments. The Company successfully achieved its qualitative target, with employees and executives demonstrating greater awareness and active participation in responsible water usage. This reflects the Company’s ongoing efforts to cultivate a culture of water conservation within the organization.

TTA implemented water management measures through preventive maintenance and regular inspections to detect potential leaks in water-utilizing equipment, alongside organization-wide awareness campaigns promoting responsible water use among employees at all levels. As a result, in 2025 total municipal water consumption decreased to 2,282 cubic meters, representing a 2.1 percent reduction compared to the previous year. The Company successfully achieved its water reduction target, reflecting efficient water resource management and a strong commitment to environmental responsibility.

• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is a measure of the dissolved combined content of all solid, inorganic, and organic substances present in water.
• ^/1 TTA uses water from a single source which is public tap water, and does not use water from surface water, groundwater, mining activities, external wastewater, collected rainwater, or seawater/oceans.
• ^/1 TTA has only 1 wastewater discharge point, which is sending the water to the building management for treatment before being released into public water sources according to environmental regulations. There is no discharge into the ocean, surface water, or groundwater, nor is the water used for any other purposes. As the wastewater is treated by the building management, the Company is unable to measure the volume of wastewater generated.

In 2025, the Company had no incidents of non-compliance with standards or regulatory requirements related to water quality and quantity.

Global climate change remains a critical issue that continues to attract worldwide attention, manifested in increasingly erratic seasonal changes, heatwaves, prolonged droughts, and flooding. Thailand is among the countries that have joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, as well as participated in the Paris Agreement. Under these agreements, member parties have committed to global cooperation to achieve collective goals in managing and controlling greenhouse gas emissions.

In 2023, Thailand participated in the Conference of the Parties 28 (COP28) conference held in the United Arab Emirates, which emphasized the goals of the Glasgow Climate Pact, focusing on measures to reduce coal usage and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies. The conference also aimed to meet the temperature goal set by the Paris Agreement: limiting global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels (circa A.D. 1900) and striving to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The agreement also addressed the establishment of a financial fund by a group of major polluting countries to compensate for "Loss and Damage," aimed at helping vulnerable countries impacted by the climate change crisis.

Thailand has set its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in 3 sectors: 1) Energy and Transportation, 2) Waste Management, and 3) Industrial Processes and Product Use. The country aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20-25 percent by 2030. The Group is committed to being part of a responsible business community that mitigate climate change. TTA has established a comprehensive Environmental Policy that includes responsible business operations, resource efficiency, and promotion of climate adaptation throughout its supply chain. This is to fulfill the country’s goal and its own goal of becoming Asia’s leading investment company with sustainable growth both in terms of business and social and environmental responsibility.

In 2025, Thailand participated in the 30^th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or COP30, held in Brazil, and announced its commitment to achieve the country’s Net Zero target by 2050, 15 years earlier than the original schedule, along with setting a goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 47 percent by 2035.

Climate Change Risks to the Business Operations of the Group

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Management Approach of the Group

The Group places great importance on maximizing the efficient use of natural resources while minimizing environmental impacts arising from its operations. This is achieved through the adoption of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies. The Group also implements efficient greenhouse gas reduction measures in alignment with the policies and industry regulations. A dedicated unit is responsible for monitoring performance to ensure effective management of both direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions.

Thoresen Thai Agencies: TTA

TTA has been a member of the Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development (TBCSD) since 2021. The organization aims to drive Thai businesses toward national sustainable development, including promoting policies on social and environmental responsibility, and the utmost efficient use of resources alongside fair economic development across all sectors. TBCSD seeks to elevate the standards of Thai business organizations to become role models for low-carbon and sustainable business practices and supports Thailand’s Carbon Neutrality target and the Net Zero GHG Emissions target.

As a member of organization, TTA is committed to aligning its operations with the directions and greenhouse gas reduction targets announced by TBCSD. The Company also supports measures and best practices to help drive Thai businesses toward a sustainable, low-carbon society.

TTA is committed to conducting its business sustainably and supporting efforts to limit the increase in the global average temperature to no more than 1.5 degree Celsius through various initiatives, such as improving energy efficiency, reducing electricity consumption, and transitioning TTA’s vehicles from fuel-powered to electric vehicles. In addition, TTA encourages stakeholders and all relevant parties to work together to drive actions toward achieving climate change goals.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Management Activities and Climate Change Initiatives

Qualitative Target : Awareness trainings related to carbon footprint reduction to employees and executives

Quantitative Target : Employees and executives possess knowledge, understanding, and awareness of carbon footprint reduction. Post-training assessments require that over 70 percent of participants meet the passing criteria.

Knowledge Development Program for Employees and Executives: Decoding Carbon Footprint to Sustainability

On 19 September 2025, TTA conducted a training session titled “Decoding Carbon Footprint to Sustainability” with Tact Social Consulting Co., Ltd. serving as the speaker and with a total of 51 participants attended. The training was organized with environmental sustainability in mind, reducing plastic waste by using stainless steel and glass containers for snacks and lunch, and implementing waste separation on the day of the training. As a result of this training, employees and executives demonstrated more knowledge, understanding, and awareness of carbon footprint reduction, with 72 percent of participants meeting the training passing criteria.

As a result of the project implementation, the Company successfully achieved its qualitative target, with employees and executives demonstrating significantly improved knowledge, understanding, and awareness regarding carbon footprint reduction. At the same time, the Company also met its quantitative target, as 72 percent of participants passed the post-training assessment, exceeding the established benchmark.

Transitioning TTA’s from Fuel-Powered to Electric Vehicles

In alignment with the commitment to reducing environmental pollution, TTA has undertaken the transition from fuel-powered to electric vehicles. This initiative reflects the dedication to contributing to air pollution reduction and promoting sustainable transportation solutions.

Mangrove Reforestation Project for Ecosystem and Environmental Sustainability

To operationalize a mission to “give back to the society and environment to lead towards sustainable development”, TTA’s subsidiary V Ventures Technologies Co., Ltd. (VVT) takes participation in the mangrove reforestation project in Klaeng District, Rayong Province, Thailand. Extending to approximately 740 rai, this mangrove cover is estimated to reduce/store greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 34,785 tCO₂ equivalent over a span of 5 years, equivalent to preserving as many as over 500,000 trees.

The project site has undergone rehabilitation to facilitate planting, with mangroves properly maintained and handled by the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources—both project owner and primary developer—in partnership with Siam TC Technology Company Limited—subsidiary under Ditto (Thailand) Public Company Limited Group—through relevant documents of rights.

In light of mangrove forests’ pivotal role in absorbing carbon dioxide and, in turn, sequester GHG emissions into the atmosphere, the project was successfully classified as “reduction, absorption, and removal of greenhouse gases from the forestry and agriculture sectors” project type under the Thailand Voluntary Emission Reduction Program (Standard T-VER) in mid-2024.

In addition, the coastal ecosystem stores carbon dioxide in the form of biomass and belowground sediments through deposition, advances ecosystem sustainability, provides shelter for endangered species, contributes to local livelihoods, and serves as a defense and buffer against natural disasters, including reducing the impact of waves on shore and coastal erosion. The coastal ecosystem also promotes local fisheries and well-being of nearby communities, maintaining holistic ecological balance that favors lives in the neighborhoods.

In pursuit of carbon credit verification and certification within the next 5 years, the project would further TTA’s commitment to social and environmental responsibility as well as a force that propels Thailand to fulfill its intent to reduce GHG emissions as pledged on a global stage and to better integrate environmental sustainability nationwide.

TTA Volunteer Spirit: Planting for the Planet, Toward a Sustainable Future

28 November 2025: TTA and its affiliated companies joined forces with the public sector, private sector, and local communities to restore and conserve more than 740 rai of mangrove forest through the “TTA Volunteer Spirit: Planting for the Planet, Toward a Sustainable Future” activity at Pak Nam Prasae Mangrove Forest, Rayong Province. The project forms part of TTA’s long-term commitment to addressing climate change, with a target to reduce and sequester more than 34,785 tons of carbon dioxide within 5 years, while restoring ecosystems and enhancing community quality of life. The activity was attended by over 130 participants.

TTALAB: BKK Climate Action Week: Roots and Routes to Future Citizen Workshop

28 September 2025: TTALAB co-organized the workshop “Roots and Routes to Future Citizen” as part of Bangkok Climate Action Week at the Bangkok Art and Culture Centre. The workshop created a space for learning and exchanging ideas on climate change and sustainability, encouraging multi-sectoral participation in co-designing a sustainable future. The activity engaged more than 50 participants, including educators and youth interested in climate and environmental issues.

TTALAB: Amplifying Thai Youth Voices at COP30

10 - 21 November 2025: TTALAB brought the voices and potential of Thai youth to the global stage at the 30th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30), held in Belém, Brazil, from 10–21 November. In collaboration with Thailand’s youth climate networks, TTALAB showcased innovative and eco-friendly products developed by youth and local communities at this international climate negotiation platform, which hosted a total of 56,000 participants. In addition, TTALAB presented a video Talk Session titled “From Local Roots to Global Action: How Thailand’s Culture and Creativity Drive Urban Adaptation”, featuring perspectives from diverse stakeholders.

Due to diverse operations of the Group, various types of waste are generated, including office waste, industrial wastewater, ballast water, food preparation waste, plastic waste, chemicals, and other waste materials. Because these wastes differ in type and required management methods, a systematic waste management approach that meets legal requirements is essential to prevent legal violations and mitigate potential environmental and health impacts on surrounding communities. Furthermore, the Group aims to minimize the risk of increased disposal costs.

The Group places significant emphasis on waste management and focuses on efficient resource use. It has established guidelines aligned with the organization's Environmental Policy, aiming to manage waste effectively and maximize the utility of resources across the entire value chain. Continuous efforts are made to minimize waste generation. The Group supports and encourages both employees and subsidiaries to manage waste within the organization according to the principles of a circular economy, adhering to the 4Rs.

• Reduce (resource consumption and waste generation)
• Reuse (materials to extend their lifecycle)
• Recycle (waste into new, usable materials)
• Replace (with sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives)

TTA has established a comprehensive waste management monitoring system covering waste segregation, storage, transportation, and disposal, while also tracking waste volume and disposal methods. To promote resource efficiency, a culture of responsible waste management and to periodically reinforce employees’ accurate understanding, TTA conducts training, awareness campaigns, and posts informational notices in office spaces and on waste bins. TTA believes these initiatives will optimize resource utilization, reduce waste management costs, and enable the resale or repurposing of sorted waste materials, such as used cardboard boxes, paper, and oil, generating additional revenue and enhancing reputation for sustainable corporate management in the long term.

Thoresen Thai Agencies: TTA

The Company has established a waste management policy as part of the Environmental Policy, emphasizing the efficient use of natural resources and proper waste management. This policy incorporates the 4Rs principles—Reduce (minimizing usage), Reuse (utilizing items multiple times), Recycle (reprocessing materials), and Replace (substituting with more sustainable alternatives), adapted to the corporate waste management and to be in accordance with the regulations and to reduce environmental impact, alongside with ensuring sustainable business operations.

Qualitative Target : TTA is committed to using resources efficiently by sorting and repurposing used items that still have value, distributing them to departments or locations in need. This practice extends the lifespan of resources and helps minimize the amount of waste released into the environment.

Quantitative Target :

• Reduce ordering non-hazardous waste and non-hazardous residues (paper) by 2 percent compared to the previous year.
• Sort and repurpose at least 2 types of used items per year, distributing them to departments or locations in need.

TTA aims to reduce ordering non-hazardous waste and non-hazardous residues (paper) by 2 percent compared to the previous year. In 2025, the Company continued initiatives to minimize non-hazardous waste and non-hazardous residues (paper), focusing on employee awareness and promoting responsible paper usage (for example, reducing single-sided printing). Various measures were implemented, including e-learning materials, online assessments, and regular communication.

As a result of these initiatives, together with the implementation of the Paperless Meeting program where electronic devices such as iPads were used in place of printed documents during meetings, TTA reduced its non-hazardous waste (paper) procurement volume to 1,723 kilograms in 2025. This represents a 4.54 percent decrease compared to 2024, exceeding the target set for the year.

Although the Company expanded its office space and undertook organizational restructuring in 2025 to support investments in a more diversified business portfolio resulting in increased operational space, TTA was still able to achieve its paper reduction target. This outcome reflects the effectiveness of the implemented measures and the Company’s continued commitment to reducing non-hazardous waste (paper) in alignment with its sustainable business practices.